I. LANGUAGE OF THE BUDDHA'S DREAM:2.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THE WOMEN OF THE SAKYA CLAN CHAN TANH. To answer the question: - In what language did the Buddha preach the Dharma? Because that language can hold the role of transmitting orthodox Buddhist scriptures. According to Buddhist researchers: At that time, the nobility used the Sanskrit language such as the Vedas, the small states used their own dialect, and the Magadha kingdom (ruled by King A Xa The) used the language of Magadha. Magadhi, popular among the masses, uses a mixed language, which uses Magadhi as a basis, which plays an important role in transactions. The scriptures show that at that time the Buddha used the local language to teach his teachings. According to many Vinaya Vinaya, the following story is mentioned: ''At that time there were two Brahmin brothers who asked to be ordained to follow the Buddha. They asked him to allow them to recite his words in the same way they were used to reciting the Vedic scriptures they were used to, and they also asked to use sanscrit and arrange the sentences in such a beautiful way as his prose. Sanscrit in that canon. The Buddha taught that in his religion, he did not need fancy literature, just clear meaning and rigorous reasoning. The text and voice need to be simple, so that the listener can understand what they want to say. To do that, one must learn the Dharma in one's own language." This teaching had a very far-reaching influence on later Buddhist literature and methods of evangelization. Want to know how the scriptures are handed down, II. SETTING FOR THE FIRST TIME: A) CAUSE: When the Buddha passed away near Kusinagara city ( Kusinagara ) for 7 days, at that time Mr. Maha Kassapa was leading a group of 500 Sangha on missionary missions. When a non-Buddhist monk announced that the Buddha had passed Nirvana, the Sangha heard the terrible news and all wept, except for a young Bhikkhu Subhaddha, who clapped his hands for joy, saying: ''While the Blessed One was still in the world, All actions must be bound within the precepts, losing freedom, today the World-Honored One has passed away, from now on will be free to act, not bound by the precepts. This saying is the main motivation for Mahakashyapa (who was the elder after the two monks, Sariputta and Muc Kien Lien, passed away before the Blessed One). summoned 499 bhikkhus who had attained Arhatship and Ananda, held a general assembly at Vuong Xa city, during the summer retreat season right after the Buddha's death, to gather the teachings of the Buddha. Respect, in order to protect the Buddha's teachings and precepts are handed down orthodox. At this gathering, the Venerable Mahakasyap chaired, Mr. Upa Ly repeated the precepts set forth by the Buddha, Mr. Ananda recalled the Dharma taught by the Buddha to whom, where, and at what time. Everyone is invited to fill in the gaps to be complete, remember to pass on word of mouth. This gathering lasted for 7 months, and was named "Vuong Xa Thanh Ket Episode" or "Five Bach Ket Episode". Before the conference started, Ananda had not yet attained Arhat status, because he spent time as the Buddha's attendant, did not have the effort to practice, but he did remember and heard enough of the Buddha's teachings because when the congregation When he appointed Ananda as an attendant, he asked the Buddha for the following eight things: 1) Please don't give Ananda good clothes. 2) Please do not give Ananda precious food. 3) Please don't let Ananda stay in the same room with Buddha. 4) Please do not bring Ananda with you to a place where the benefactor only invites the Buddha to come and receive a meal. 5) May the Buddha go to the place where Ananda accepted the offer of the benefactor. 6) Ask the Buddha to allow Ananda to bring people from far away to visit the Buddha. 7) When Ananda has doubts about the Dharma, he is allowed to come in and ask questions. 8) When the Buddha went to preach without Ananda, when he returned, please explain it to Ananda. When he was nominated to attend the conference, he knew that he had not yet attained fruition, so Ananda spent time practicing day and night. It was not until early morning on the day of the opening meeting that Ananda realized that he had made enough of 500 A La. Han. During the conference, Ananda said that before entering nirvana, the Buddha taught any laws that the church considered unimportant, but Ananda forgot to ask the Buddha to teach him which dogma should be abandoned. so it cannot be pointed out. Thus the assembly resolved to uphold all dogmas, and before the assembly ended, Ananda was reprimanded by the assembly for the following: 1) Missing the duty not to ask the Buddha to teach the dogmas that need to be abolished. 2) Unintentionally stepping on the Buddha's robes one day followed him. 3) Let a woman's tears defile her body. 4) Do not ask the Buddha to extend his life span. 5) Please allow women to join the Sangha. There is also a place to add another mistake that, while the Buddha was sick and thirsty, he told Ananda to go get water to drink, Ananda did not bring water for the Buddha to drink (actually Ananda arrived but because a convoy passed by. , the water is cloudy, cannot be taken for the Buddha to drink) . Because he wanted to keep the harmony of the Sangha, Ananda accepted and repented of these mistakes. According to Male TV, after the conference closing, Mr. Purna led 500 monks alms in Southern painting arrived, the church for him to know the content aggregation, Mr. Purna statement: '' Chu virtue I have already gathered the Buddhadharma like this, but the dharmas that I have personally heard from the golden language of the Buddha, should also be upheld . This story later turned into an anecdote "About the foreign world".According to tradition in Northern Buddhism, as follows: While 500 Arhats were meeting at Vuong Xa city, there were some other monks, led by Ba Su Ba (Baspa) , meeting at a nearby place to assemble. called ''The General Assembly'' or ''The foreign world collection'' The result is the birth of the Sutras, the Laws, and the Commentaries (according to the Truth of the Argumentative Discourses'' or the five canon of the Sutras, Laws, and Commentaries. , Dip and Forbidden Mantras (according to Western Voc Ky) . B) RESULTS: In this first gathering, the Sutras and Laws were formed, occurring right after the Buddha entered Nirvana, that was the first Buddhist calendar year, ie. is the year 544 BC (TTL) . The Buddha's teachings presented by Ananda became the holy book of the Five series (Nikaya).by Ba Van or the holy scripture A Ham (Agama) by Sanskrit. The rules repeated by Upa Ba Li up to 80 times form the set of Eight Vocabulary Laws. III. SECOND SETTINGS: A) CAUSE: After the Buddha entered nirvana about 100 years, ie about 444 BC. The Bhikshus of Vrji (Vrji) , residing in the city of Vesali (Vesaly) announced 10 new laws as follows (according to the Southern tradition, there are some differences) . 1) Pure Land: Salted food left overnight, still edible, not against the precepts. 2) Just be quiet: Eating too long by two fingers, not against the precepts. 3) Peaceful gathering: Although eating before noon, going to another village is still allowed to eat more without breaking the precepts. 4) Stay in the pure land: Wherever you are, do the slapping ceremony right away, not against the precepts. 5) Net discretion: Resolutions that have been approved by the congress more or less, are valid for enforcement, and do not violate the precepts. 6) Nine-residence: Follow precedents, do not violate precepts. 7) Born in pure harmony: Milk mixed with water to eat after noon, not against the precepts. 8) Water purification: Newly fermented wine mixed with water to drink to treat illness, not against the precepts. 9) It's not helpful for nuns to practice meditation: Use a seat without borders, a size larger than a fixed model, and not against the precepts. 10) Money net: Store gold and silver, not against the precepts. Seven hours the elder Yasa (Yasas)In the west of India, visiting the East to the city of Vesali, met the day the father slapped there, the monks were collecting money from the faithful to put it in a pot placed in the middle of the assembly, Da Xa protested. we Vaishali (Vrji) , this group being sentenced him detrimental to the offerings of the faithful and effortlessly increase their insults, forced him to apologize. Da Xa did not apologize, he escaped into the city to bring the above illegal problem to the people. When the public saw that he had broken the law, he was immediately expelled from the Sangha (according to the precepts, if a bhikkhu brought his bad faults to the Sangha, he would be expelled from the Sangha).. He thought that the precepts of the Buddha had been decimated, so he immediately campaigned with the congregation all over India, invited 700 elders and saints to open the festival in Vesali to decide on the 10 acts mentioned above as illegal or good. not illegal. But during the conference, because of many disagreements, the assembly recommended a committee of 8 elders to solve the problem: The Four Eastern Elders include: - Sa Lu (Sàlha) - Khujjasobhita (Khujjasobhita) - Lady Slaps Old Lady (Vasabhagàmi) The Four Elders in the West are: - Ly Ba Da - Tam Phu Da - Da Xa (Yasas) - Tu Ma Na (Sumana) Western elder Ly Ba Da mentioned each of the 10 things, to ask whether it is legal or illegal; The Eastern Elder, Slapping Ba Ca Ma, entered the precepts and answered that each thing was illegal. So the other 10 things become 10 illegal things. During the conference, there was also a recitation of all the Buddha's teachings, which took up to 8 months to complete. B) RESULTS: So this conference not only solves the above 10 things, but also assembles all the dharmas, to prevent any illegal mixing. On the other hand, the Eastern Bhikkhus, not accepting the above 10 things as illegal, met together in another place to gather the scriptures, called the Great Collection (Mahàsamgìti).Or the General Assembly, the content of this collection has been condensed into the Sutra Pitaka, the Vinaya Pitaka, the Great Dharma Tripitaka, and the Miscellaneous Organ into four organs, with the addition of a Bodhisattva called the Five Organs. Therefore, from here, the Buddhist congregation divided into two sects, the Thera, the conservative sect, and the Mahasamghika, the reformist sect. III. THIRD CONCLUSION: A) CAUSE: King Asoka, after ascending the throne to become a great emperor in North India, immediately led his army to attack South India, both sides had powerful soldiers, so in the battle between soldiers, the people died a lot. South India, dominating the whole of India, the king came to his senses because of the killing of living beings through the war, and thanks to the teachings of the bhikkhus, he became a devout Buddhist and devoted himself to the righteous maintenance. In accordance with the law, the king built columns inscribed with important relics of the Buddha, built pagodas and towers to worship relics. The king worshiped Buddhism, causing outsiders to mix in and become the Sangha, causing conflicts, the Sangha did not get along, the king saw that danger, was very concerned about the future of Buddhism, and immediately sent an envoy to summon him. Mr. Moggaliputta Tissa is a recluse in A Ho Hang Gia mountain. (Ahongaya) summoned the monks to gather the scriptures. Mr. Muc Kien Lien De Tu Tu obeyed the king's orders, selected 1000 monks who understood the scriptures to gather at Hoa Thi Thanh (Pataliputra) , to assemble the scriptures. This period of collection after the Buddha entered nirvana 236 years, ie 308 BC. The congress lasted 9 months. B) RESULTS: There is a book appearing in the concluding period of this collection, which is ''Discourse'' or ''Theory'' (Kathàvattnu) , which is said to have been written by Mr. Muc Kien Lien De Tu Tu to explain. theory between paganism and Buddhism. It was the first Abhidhamma that appeared to become the Abhidhamma, from which there are three canonical texts. The three Tripitakas include the Sutrapitaka (Sutrapitaka) ,(vinayapitaka) and the Abhidharmapitaka (abhidharmapitaka) . Pitaka means a basket used to store, the Chinese translate to Tibetan means a storehouse, containing a lot. The Tripitaka is the three treasures containing the Buddha's teachings. The Sutras are the teachings of the Buddha, which the disciples collected and rearranged systematically. The Vinaya is the precepts set forth by the Buddha for his disciples to practice and run the church. The Abhidhamma Pitaka takes the above two repositories as objects for investigation, research, reflection and development of the Buddha's teachings to form a scholastic philosophy. This division is intended to make it clear that the Buddhist teachings have: - Basic theory. - Precepts of practice. - Doctrine of explanation. Another theory is that in the country of Ma Thu La (Mathura) of Central India, there was a son of a boat owner named Dai Thien (Mahadeva) , who reached adulthood, became a monk, mastered the scriptures, and attained A La status. Han, respected by the masses. Meeting on the day of Bodhisattvas at Ke Vien temple (Kukkutarama) , Dai Thien immediately spoke to them a verse consisting of 5 things, and said: ''While the Buddha is still in the world, the gods and the four groups must all be said by the Buddha. Sealed seal, it's called the sutra, now that the Buddha has passed away, if there are intelligent people in the assembly who are talented in preaching the Dharma, they can also write sutras'. According to the Di Bo Ton Luan Luan, Dai Thien's verse said: "Dust for example, ignorant, indecisive, spiritually entering, spiritually entrenched, spiritually established, true Buddhism" Roughly speaking, reaching the level of Arahant still has shortcomings, to criticize the Arahant ideal, and to develop Mahayana thought. (LSPGAD, pp. 99-100) The public heard this and were amazed, bringing these five theories to debate, some of which considered Dai Thien's words to be false theories. King Asoka knew about the matter and sent an envoy to mediate, but the two sides did not listen. The majority recognized Dai Thien's new theory as correct to establish the Mahasanghikas, taking Trung An as the missionary area. The conservative minority established the Theravada, taking the country of Ca Low Di La (Kasmira) in North India as the center of evangelization. Here we see the original sectarian opposition of Buddhism at two important moments. The ecclesiastical opposition about 100 years after the Buddha's Nirvana in the Second Concluding Book, and the doctrinal opposition about more than 200 years after the Buddha's Nirvana, is due to the five new doctrines of the Great Thousand. Another point is that the third Concluding period, Bac Truyen Buddhism does not see records, the records of Mr. Phap Hien and Huyen Trang do not mention this time. IV. THE FOURTH COLLECTION: A) CAUSE: Legend of King Ca Nhi Sac Ca - Kanishka (78TTL-101STL) worshiping and protecting the Dharma was almost equal to that of King Ashoka, every day the king invited a monk to the palace to listen to the Dharma, the king himself also reviewed the scriptures, saw that there were many differences in the teachings, and immediately questioned. Venerable Hiep (Parsva) , this monk preached to the king, because Buddhism was divided into many sects, so the doctrines depended on different denominations. The king discussed with Hiep Venerable, following the example of his predecessors. , vowing to open a congress to collect scriptures. First of all, the king ordered to summon 500 Arhats to meet at the Hoan Lam Tinh Xa (Kundalavana-samgharàma) , the city of Ca Low Di La (Kasmira) , the Kingdom of Ke Tan in northwestern India, around the second half of the second century AD. calendar (STL) . This period's congress has The Huu (Vasumitra) is the Supreme Head , there are Dharma Saviors (Dharmatràtà) , Dieu Am (Ghosa) , Giac Thien (Buddhadeva) and Hiep Venerable (Pàrsva) ... B) RESULTS: The conference produced a treatise. (Upadesa) to explain the Tripitaka, the Ty Ba Sa (Vibhasa) and the Abhidharma (Abhidarma) to explain Vinaya and visceral argument, each 10 thousand prose, you spend 30 thousand all proceedings, including 660 thousands of words, these chants were carved into bronze plates from red copper, this assembly took up to 12 years. After completing, the king had to keep a stupa to preserve and set up soldiers to guard, anyone who wants to study and learn into the research tower, not to be brought out. However, they were soon lost, only the annotations of the Abhidharma-mahavibhàsa-sutra of 200 volumes, translated by Mr. Huyen Trang, are still circulating. BECAUSE. THE FIVE TIME COLLECTION: In 1870, 2414 years before the Buddha entered Nirvana, there was a conference in Madalay, Burma, to collect the V. VII scriptures . THE FRIDAY CONCLUSION: After 2498 years of Buddha's parinirvana, at the Maha Pasana Guha cave, 12 thousand kilometers from Rangoon capital, in Burma, the Sixth Assembly Conference was opened from May 21, 1954 to May 25, 1956. This event had a total of 2500 bhikkhus from Buddhist countries around the world attending, under the chairmanship of the Burmese High Priest. The format of this gathering as well as the first time, in addition to the chairperson, there were two Venerables who asked and answered passages of the sutras. Law, Thesis. VIII. Canons: Regarding the Pali canon, in the previous Collections, we do not see any mention of canonical records, researchers have traditionally recognized that sacred scriptures were only transmitted orally in scriptures. century BC. In 236, after the Buddha entered Nirvana, the son of King Asoka, Prince Minhada ordained, from Aban De (Avanti)came to Ceylon bringing with them the Pali oral traditions, preserving their original language in Majita. As for commenting on the Sutras, he translated them into Ceylon to spread Buddhism. In Ceylon, after many years of war and turmoil between about 451 and 454 after Buddha entered Nirvana (about 35-32 BC ) , under the reign of Fearless King (Vatthagamani - Abhaya) a king who was a great fan of Buddhism. Under the protection of Fearless Vuong, the monks met at Alu temple, near the town of Matale to gather the entire Tripitaka. It was at this time that the Pali sutras were recorded in the Mahayana language. According to researchers, the Pali language comes from a remote area in the vast Majita kingdom. In etymology, the Pali noun is synonymous with the noun Patha, which in Chinese translates as Bai or Boi which means text or praise. Only later, over a long period of time, did the Pali noun turn into the Pali language. In recent decades, according to some historians and linguists, Pali came from the Upper Central Indies, formed by an Old Prakrit, derived from the Sanskrit language that was used during the Middle Ages. It has a long and distant past and is still in use today, but it is limited to expressing purely religious ideas of Southern Buddhism. Today Western historians refer to Pali as the language of the Ceylon Tripitaka exclusively used, they do not agree that it is the same as the dialect used by the people and court at the time of the Buddha. From Ceylon, the Pali Canon was transmitted to Burma, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, which are countries in the South Asian region, collectively known as Southern Buddhism or Theravada Buddhism, also known as Buddhism. Primitive. The Pali Tripitaka is divided as follows: I. The Vinayapitaka II. Tripitaka (Sutrapitaka) 1. School of Business (Atghanikaya) 2. Central Business (Majjhimanikaya) 3- Samyutta (nikāya) 4. Increase the economic Nhut (Anguttaranikaya) 5. Primary or sutras Journal (Khuddakanikaya) III. Tibetan Abhidharma (Abhidharmapitaka) About classical Sanskrit, it undergoes a process of Buddhist sutras North method. First recorded in the Prakrit language of northwest India, from the time of Asoka until the beginning of the epoch, there is still a text of the Dhammapada. Then comes Mixed Sanskrit, also known as Mixed Sanskrit, Hybrid Sanskrit, and Pre-Sanskrit. This is a type of slang created by the form of Sanskrit combined with Prakrit, the works written in this language date from the first 3 centuries of the era, it is widespread, most refined in Central India. By the fourth century, Buddhist Sanskrit had been completed, completely replacing the mixed Prakrit and Sanskrit languages. It is a complete, step-by-step construction process after nine centuries of Buddha's parinirvana. Talking about Sanskrit is referring to Northern Buddhism, just as talking about Pali is referring to Southern Buddhism. The Northern Buddhist scriptures, specifically the Agama, are not translated from the Nikayas , although they have a lot of the same parts, but researchers believe that Aham and Five are similar. translates from the same source, while the A Ham translation refers to the Five Classics. The Sanskrit scriptures were transmitted from India to Tibet, China, Vietnam, Japan, and Korea, collectively known as Northern Buddhism or Northern Buddhism, also known as Mahayana Buddhism. The Sanskrit Tripitaka is divided as follows: I. Vinayapitaka II. The Sutrapitaka consists of the Four Aggregates (Amaga). 1- School of A Ham (Dirghagama) - Buddha Da Xa translated into Chinese in 412 & 413 2- Trung A Ham (Madhyamagama) - Sangha De Ba, year 397 & 398 3- Ka A Ham (Samyuktagama) - Na Bat Da La Bridge , year 436-443 4- The first monk Aham (Ekottaragama) - Sangha De Ba, year 397&398 III. Tibetan Abhidharma (Abhidharmapitaka) IV. Qu was old Tibet (Ksudrakapitaka) , sometimes arranged in five Agama, sometimes arranged in a particular organ, it is equivalent but less transparent than the State or trade magazine. The Sanskrit Buddhist Dictionary or Sanskrit Buddhist Dictionary is translated into Tibetan, called the Tibetan Buddhist Dictionary, translated into Chinese as the Great Tripitaka, and translated into Japanese (with many additional Japanese documents ), called the Tan. Tu Dai Tripitaka. Until now, China has many classic collections: I. Set 1 (manuscript) collection from the Liang emperor, the Chinese classic text translated in China from year 67 to year 517. II . Set of 2 (handwritten)collected under the reign of King Hieu Vo of the Nguyen Wei Dynasty, including the classics up to the year 533-534. III. Set of 3 (handwritten) was collected until 594, under the reign of Emperor Wen. IV. Set 4 (handwritten) collected until 602, under the reign of Emperor Wen, including 2109 volumes, into 5058 volumes. V. Set of 5 (handwritten) collected until 616 under the reign of Emperor Wen. BECAUSE. In 644, during the Tang Dynasty, the bibliography of 2,847 volumes was completed, resulting in 8476 translations of the sutras, of which 650 were returned from India by Mr. Huyen Trang. VII. The 6 (handwritten) series was completed in 695, under Vo Hau's reign, including 3616 volumes, making 8641 volumes. VIII. The 7 (handwritten) series was completed in 730, under the reign of Tang Xuan Ton. IX. Set of 8 (printed in wood) was completed in 972, under the reign of Song Thai To. It took 130,000 wooden copies to complete the printing of this Tripitaka. In 995, Chinese Buddhism gave Goryeo (Korea) a set of Tripitaka of this print. Goryeo Buddhism engraves and reprints into a set of Goryeos. X. Set of 9 (printed) in 1285-1287 under the Blessed One of the Yuan Dynasty. XI. In 1306, the canonical bibliography was completed (composed from the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty). XII. Volume 10 (in) 1368-1398, under Minh Thai To, this Tripitaka is called Dai Minh Nanjing Great Tripitaka, because it was printed in Nanjing (Nankin) XIII. Set of 11 (printed)1403-1424, under Minh Thanh To. This Tripitaka is called the Great Ming Beijing Great Tripitaka, because it was printed in Beijing (Pékin) . XIV. Mr. Tantric Dharma Master mixed the two above into one and made a bibliography. XV. Set of 12 (in) in 1735-1737 under King The Ton and Cao Ton of the Qing Dynasty. XVI. The 13th set (printed) in 1911, the Tan Gia Vihara in Shanghai reprinted the Japanese series of Sutras called the Tan Gia Ban. XVII. Set of 14 (printed) The Business Office reprints the Japanese Traditions and Sutras. XVIII. Set of 15 (printed)Between 1931 and 1936, there were reprints of the Tich Sa Tripitaka and the Golden Canon of the Great Tripitaka, which are the great works of Chinese Buddhism, known as the Song Tang Di Tran. Later on, there are certainly times to print more Tripitaka, but this article does not have enough material for reference. IX. VIETNAMESE SUBJECTS: Previously, Vietnamese scriptures were carved woodblocks printed in Chinese characters, the Great Tripitaka was still invited from China, after Vietnamese characters were used and the Buddhist revival movement started in the 1930s, there are a number of classics. transcribed, some are translated from the Chinese Tripitaka. Famous translators and massive translation works such as Doan Trung Con, Le Dinh Tham, Most Venerable Thich Hanh Tru, Most Venerable Thich Thien Hoa, Most Venerable Thich Tri Tinh, Most Venerable Thich Thanh Tu, Most Venerable Thich Vien German ... Regarding the Southern Buddhist scriptures, there are Most Venerable Thich Minh Chau, Most Venerable Thich Tinh Su, Most Venerable Thich Gioi Nghiem and a number of other Zen virtues translated from Pali Tibetan into Vietnamese. Although the translation work does not have the same purpose, it can now be synthesized into a Tripitaka of Viet Kinh including the Sutras, the Laws, and the Laws. X. CONCLUSION: By the 20th century, Vietnamese Buddhism especially had the existence of both North and South Buddhism, the difference in doctrine, in practice, is not a big difference, because Truth cannot be two, Buddhism is only one. Nearly 2,500 years ago, Buddhism in India began to split, today Vietnamese Buddhism will reunite, according to the original meaning of the Sangha. Learn about the suttas to see how the sutras are handed down in each era, each locality, and each sect, from which Buddhist learners become more diligent on the path.END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=BUDDHIST DHARMA WHEEL GOLDEN MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THE WOMEN OF THE SAKYA CLAN CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.4/1/2022.